Unearthing Pipewellgate's Past Residents

Pipewellgate, a name that resonates with centuries of history, stands as a testament to the vibrant past of Gateshead. Once regarded as a distinct township, so significant that Gateshead itself was described in 1539 as 'Gattyshede near Pypewelgat', this riverside area has been home to a diverse array of individuals and families. From influential landowners and powerful merchants to everyday tradespeople and bustling publicans, the tapestry of life in Pipewellgate was rich and varied. This article delves into the historical records to uncover the lives of those who walked its ancient streets, revealing the legacy they left behind.

A Glimpse into Pipewellgate's Early Past

The roots of Pipewellgate stretch deep into antiquity, emerging from the 'dim mists' during the long episcopate of Bishop Pudsey. It was Bishop Pudsey who, for a modest sum, granted land near the Tyne to Thorald of London, land previously acquired from Thorald's father-in-law, Lessinus. This early transaction laid the foundation for private landownership in the area. Later, Thorald's son, Nicholas, further parcelled out parts of the Pipewellgate estate. Records from this period mention specific residents, such as Warnebald the moneyer and Adam the glover, hinting at the early trades and occupations that characterised the locality. These individuals, though perhaps not as prominent as the families who followed, were integral to the daily life and developing economy of Pipewellgate.

The Illustrious Gategang Family

Among the most ancient and wealthy families to reside in Pipewellgate were the Gategangs, whose presence is recorded as early as 1287. Believed by historian Surtees to be 'perfectly indigenous' to Gateshead, deriving their name from their residence on the main street, the Gategangs were a force to be reckoned with. The family's lineage begins with Gilbert Gategang, whose son, also named Gilbert, held the significant post of bailiff of Gateshead for many years, from 1287 to 1316, and likely beyond. This second Gilbert was not just a local administrator; he was also appointed as one of four envoys by the Bishop of Durham in 1312 to negotiate a peace treaty with Robert Bruce, highlighting the prominence and trust placed in him. Nicholas Gategang, Gilbert's brother, pursued an ecclesiastical career, serving as rector of Ryton and later as chaplain, receiver, and chancellor to Bishop Bury.

The family's influence extended further. Alan Gategang, a son of the second Gilbert, was styled 'Lord of Pipewellgate' in 1348 and even held a court within the township, demonstrating a degree of local governance. Sibilla Gategang, thought to be a daughter of the same Gilbert, became prioress of the nunnery of St. Bartholomew in Newcastle in 1331, indicating the family's reach into religious institutions. Another brother, John Gategang, a favourite of Bishop Bee, was granted lands in Gateshead, though he overstepped by adding common land, leading to its eventual restoration. The Gategangs were represented by William Gategang during Hatfield's Survey, but in the subsequent generation, the family's heiress married John de Gildeford, leading to the extinction of the Gategangs of Gateshead, marking the end of a significant chapter in Pipewellgate's history.

The Influential Dolphanbys

Scarcely less important than the Gategangs were the Dolphanbys, another ancient family contributing significantly to Pipewellgate's social and economic fabric. John Dolphanby appears in records early in the fifteenth century, holding extensive lands and tenements within the area. His entrepreneurial spirit is evident in 1414-15 when he farmed the bishop's coal mines in Gateshead, undertaking substantial financial recognizances. John Dolphanby's legacy also extended to religious piety; in 1420, he received a license to found a chantry in St. Mary's, Gateshead, a testament to his wealth and devotion. Having no legitimate direct heir, John settled his estates on his grandson, Robert Dolphanby, the son of his daughter Alice. Robert succeeded to the estates in 1429 but died young, leaving only a thirteen-month-old daughter, Joan. Joan later married Conan Barton of Whenby, a member of an old Yorkshire family, through whom the Dolphanby estates in Gateshead remained for several generations, illustrating the interweaving of prominent families across regions.

The Notable Sires of Pipewellgate

The Sires were also counted among the ancient aristocracy of Pipewellgate, leaving their mark through property ownership and significant civic contributions. William Sire, whose detailed will from 1353 provides a fascinating glimpse into medieval life and wealth, held property on both sides of Pipewellgate. His will reveals a man of means and piety, making extensive bequests. He bequeathed his soul to God and requested burial in Durham Abbey cemetery, alongside the monks, if granted permission. He made generous donations to the high altar of St. Mary's, Gateshead, and other altars and lights within the church. Furthermore, he provided for chaplains, priests, and even widows praying for his soul, showcasing a deep concern for his spiritual well-being and the welfare of the community. Significant sums were allocated for his funeral expenses and distribution to the poor, along with substantial gifts to the Prior and Convent of Durham, Tynemouth, and the master and monks of Jarrow, as well as various friaries in Newcastle upon Tyne. Notably, he also contributed to the fabric of Tyne Bridge and its latrina, indicating a commitment to public infrastructure. His bequests to servants and family members, including a 'silver axe' and an 'ivory cup' to Sir William de Massam and a 'silver cup called le HoVpiece' to Sir John de Newton, underline his considerable possessions. The residue of his goods, both 'on sea and land', was left to the Prior of Durham and his wife, Idonia.

A later William Sire, in 1408, entered into a detailed contract with Thomas Fournays, a mason, for the construction of a 'stayth' (a landing stage or quay) of squared stone on his capital messuage in Pipewellgate. This contract specifies the dimensions and materials, demonstrating the importance of maritime trade and infrastructure along the Tyne. Intriguingly, it also includes a clause excusing the builder from completion delays caused by 'tempest, flood, or, maliciously, by the people of the town of New Castle upon Tyne', reflecting the historical rivalry between the two towns. Other residents mentioned include Isolda, the widow of Robert Fader of Pipewellgate, who conveyed land upon 'ley Stathes' in 1349, further cementing the area's connection to riverine activity.

Local Haunts: Public Houses of Pipewellgate

Pipewellgate was not only a place of residence for prominent families but also a lively hub of social activity, evidenced by the numerous public houses that dotted its landscape. These establishments would have served as vital gathering places for residents, travellers, and workers, playing a significant role in the daily lives of Pipewellgate's inhabitants. Directories from different eras provide a snapshot of this vibrant pub culture:

The presence of so many public houses, with some names enduring across decades (like the Cross Keys and Fountain), highlights the enduring social fabric of Pipewellgate. These were places where deals were struck, news was exchanged, and communities gathered, reflecting the bustling nature of the area.

Beyond the Families: Other Inhabitants and Trades

While the Gategangs, Dolphanbys, and Sires dominated the historical narrative due to their wealth and influence, Pipewellgate was, of course, home to a multitude of other individuals who contributed to its daily life. Early records mention a moneyer and a glover, indicating specialised trades. The contract for the staith reveals the presence of skilled masons like Thomas Fournays. William Sire's will lists his servant, William Toller, demonstrating the domestic staff common in wealthy households. The mention of priests, a dyer (Peter the dyer), and others as witnesses to legal documents further paints a picture of a diverse community comprising various professions and social strata. The 'pipe-well' itself, a constant expense for repairs, indicates the need for maintenance workers and public services, showcasing the practical aspects of community living.

The manor of Redheugh, to which Pipewellgate leads, also saw a succession of resident families, including the Redheughs themselves (Alexander del Redouch around 1280), followed by the Whites, Liddells, Radcliffes, and Askews. Though distinct, its proximity and connection to Pipewellgate meant that the lives of those residing in the manor would have intersected with the Pipewellgate community in various ways.

The Shifting Landscape of Pipewellgate

Today, the physical traces of Pipewellgate's former importance are few. The passage of centuries has seen many of the old houses fall into ruin, while others have been repurposed into workshops or replaced entirely by manufactories. This transformation reflects the industrial and urban development of Gateshead, where historical structures often gave way to new economic demands. However, some remnants of its past endure. An old half-timbered building from the sixteenth century, visible from the stairs in Bankwell Lane, offers a rare glimpse into the architectural style of a bygone era. The 'Fountain Inn', one of the public houses listed in historical directories, is also noted as an 'interesting old house', suggesting its continued, albeit transformed, existence. These remaining structures serve as silent witnesses to the generations of people who called Pipewellgate home.

Frequently Asked Questions about Pipewellgate Residents

What was Pipewellgate historically?

Pipewellgate was a significant historical area in Gateshead, once considered a distinct township. Its importance was such that Gateshead itself was described in relation to Pipewellgate in early records. It was a riverside area, vital for trade and dwelling.

Who were the most prominent families that lived in Pipewellgate?

The most prominent families were the Gategangs, the Dolphanbys, and the Sires. These families held significant land, wealth, and influence, often serving in important civic or ecclesiastical roles.

What roles did the Gategangs play in the community?

The Gategangs were highly influential. Members served as bailiffs of Gateshead, diplomats negotiating with Scottish royalty, rectors, chancellors, and even a prioress. They were large landowners and held local courts.

What was the significance of the Dolphanbys and Sires?

The Dolphanbys were wealthy landholders and coal mine farmers, with John Dolphanby founding a chantry. The Sires, particularly William Sire, were also substantial property owners, as evidenced by his detailed will, and were involved in civic improvements like the construction of a staith.

Were there many public houses in Pipewellgate?

Yes, historical directories indicate a lively pub scene in Pipewellgate. In 1782, there were six listed public houses, and by 1874, there were eight, showing a consistent presence of social establishments.

Does anything remain of old Pipewellgate today?

While many old structures have been lost or converted, some traces remain. An old half-timbered building from the sixteenth century can still be seen, and the 'Fountain Inn' is noted as an interesting old house, connecting the present to its historical past.

What was the 'pipe-well'?

The 'pipe-well' was a public water source that gave Pipewellgate its name. It was a constant feature of the area, requiring regular maintenance and repair, as documented in historical accounts.

Conclusion

The story of Pipewellgate is a rich tapestry woven with the lives of its many inhabitants. From the medieval power-brokers like the Gategangs, Dolphanbys, and Sires, whose influence shaped the very fabric of Gateshead, to the everyday tradespeople, publicans, and servants, each played a part in defining this historic locale. Their wills, contracts, and civic roles provide invaluable insights into the social, economic, and religious life of centuries past. Though much of the physical evidence has faded, the echoes of their lives continue to resonate, reminding us of Pipewellgate's enduring legacy as a place of vibrant human endeavour and historical significance.

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